Tuesday, September 3, 2013

Robert Leslie Smith - My Grandfather - Newly Discovered Information Part One

Robert Leslie Smith 1885 - ?

I never met my paternal grandfather although I believe that he was alive when I was born in 1947 and probably did not die until the 1950's in England.  When my parents met and married in 1947 my father, Marshall Smith, spoke of his father as deceased.  Some years later one of his relatives told my mother that "Dad Smith died" and she was surprised at that, thinking he had been gone for many years.  Since my mother herself died in 1971, long before I had interest in my ancestral history, I am not able to question her about this.

After I began doing genealogical research in 1992, and particularly after I began going to the Family History Library in Salt Lake City in 1994, I was able to learn about Robert Leslie's siblings, his parents and several generations of grandparents.  About Robert himself, however, I learned little and I do not yet know where or when he died.

I did know that my grandfather had been a soldier, serving in the 4th Regiment of the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry.  I also had two pictures of him in military uniform, one of which heads this post,  and one picture of him in India.

Robert Leslie Smith is on the right.  


This is the reverse side of the picture from India.  My father was born on 28 June 1915 in St. Just, England, so was not one of the children addressed on this card.  The children at that time were Violet, Mary, and Robert Leslie Jr.  

Surprisingly, my father had always saved his father's military chest.  Despite being very heavy and cumbersome, it followed him from home to home over many years and was in Northfield when my stepmother, Babs Whitaker, died in 2012.  John and I brought it up to Maine and as it was dirty and basically useless, we eventually decided to pull it apart and display the written side on a bookshelf.   


Until recently we knew little else about Robert Leslie's military career.  World War I broke out in August of 1914 and the card from India is dated December 3, 1914.  We also have a piece of needlepoint done by RLS when he was convalescing on a hospital ship.  The needlepoint is a picture of a ship surrounded by flags of countries in the British Commonwealth and dated 1916.  A late cousin, also named Robert Smith, said that our grandfather was wounded on the western front, thrown into a mass grave and survived only because someone on a burial crew saw that he was moving.    As you will read in the next installment of this blog, the story of war service is a complete fabrication.  Sometime in the 1990's when I was at an NGS Conference, I met a man who was there as an "expert" in British military history.  He told me that unless a soldier died in WWI there was no information available.  Not seeing any room for further research I let that line of genealogy drop.  

In 2004 when I was living in Arlington, Virginia, I was contacted by Robert Walsh, a man who said he was a second cousin of mine.  Rob had recently retired and was very involved researching his Smith ancestry.  He had found information I put on a web site (some of it erroneous) and tracked me down.  Rob's grandfather, Alfred Edward Smith and my grandfather Robert Leslie Smith, were brothers.  Robert was born in 1885, the second eldest of eight children and Alfred, born in  1901, was the youngest.  

In 2004 John and I went to Zurich, where Rob has lived for many years and we visited again in 2013.  It was on this second visit that Rob dropped something of a bombshell, showing me that he had found the complete military file for RLS on Ancestry as well as additional information about his situation after he left Turner's Falls.  

To be continued.

Robert Leslie Smith - Part Two



Robert Leslie Smith (RLS) married Mary (Nicholas) Andrews, a widow on 7 March 1908.  Her age was given as 27 and his as 23 but neither of those ages was correct.  RLS was born on 9 July 1885, making him 22 when they married and Mary Nicholas was born on 30 July 1874, making her 33 years old when they married.  Her birth date is incorrectly given in the family Bible, in their passport and in most other records but I have a copy of the original registration of her birth.

Mary was possibly pregnant when they married, as their first child, Violet Annie, was born on 5 November of that same year, about eight months later.  Slightly less than a year after Violet's birth, on 22 October 1909,  RLS enlisted in the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry.  Their second child, Mary May, was born on 30 December 1909.

The short story is that Robert enlisted at a time before the First World War broke out.  He had joined the newly established (1908) Territorial Army, not the regular army.  These soldiers were paid volunteers whose mission was protection of the homeland with no obligation to serve overseas.   Thus, Robert was not away from home other than for training periods and he appears with his family in St. Just in the 1911 U.K. Census.

When WWI broke out in 1914, TF soldiers were given the option of serving in France.  Those not wishing to serve in France were asked to go elsewhere-- mainly Egypt, Indian and othe Empire garrisons and this is how RLS ended up in Bareilly, India in November of 1914. He became ill while there and left India at the end of 1915 after 1 year and 7 days.  It is probably at this  time that he was a patient on the HMHS Aquitania where he completed a piece of needlepoint with the name of the ship and the date.  Having been declared unfit for duty he was transferred to the Labour Corps, but he spent much of the next four years in hospital or convalescing.     In 1919 he was discharged.  In 1920 he emigrated with his family to Turner's Falls, Massachusetts.

His "Military History Sheet" summarizes his service as follows:

22 October 1909    to 8 October 1914        Home*                                4 years 35 days
9 October 1914 to 15 October 1915           India                                   1 year 7 days
16 October 1915  to 22 August 1919          Home                                  3 years 311 days

This totaled 9 years, 305 days of which 4 years 286 days were in the Light Infantry and 5 years and 19 days in the Labour Corps.

*England

Here is the long story, in the form of a timeline.

7 March 1908 -  RLS marries Mary Nicholas

5 November 1908   - Violet Annie Smith born in St. Just

October 1909   -    His enlistment form gives his age as 23 and his occupation as "Engineer, Botallack Mining Company".  His address was given as 10 North Row, St. Just, Cornwall

 From  the medical inspection form completed at that time I learned the  following:  He was 5 ' 11.5 " in height.  His chest measurement when fully  expanded was 34 inches and the range of expansion was 2.5 inches.  Hewas judged to be "fit" for the Territorial Forces."

30 December 1909    -   Mary May Smith born in St. Just.

30 May 1912   -     Robert Leslie Smith (Jr.) born in St. Just

9 October 1914   -     Sent to India

11 Feb 1915  -    An Opinion of the Medical Board described RLS as unfit for service because of indigestion and chronic gastric irritability. This was deemed not the result of  military service and was further deemed to be a permanent condition.

5 May 1915    -   Admitted to Ramsnehi Hospital (India) with a sore throat.  Stayed 8 days

28 June 1915   -  My father, Marshall Kitchener Smith born in St. Just.

31 August 1915   -   Proceedings of a Medical Board on an Invalid Disability described as   Inflammation of the Stomach (Gastritis; catarrhal, chronic).

 The patient cannot give any definite date of origin, he has suffered from symptoms of indigestion for some time, which have been much increased since he arrived in India (November 1914).  The onset of the symptoms was insidious, at first those of indigestion increasing to such an extent lately that he has been unable to take food without immediately vomiting it.  The attacks have also become far more frequent.  A severe condition of oral sepsis and pyorrhea alveolaris* that is present would be sufficient to account for the symptoms of gastritis.  The disability is not attributable to military service.  

The patient is slightly anemic, and of a rather unhealthy appearance.  He complains of great pain after food beneath the scapula and in the right shoulder; at all times he has a "feeling of discomfort" in the upper part of the abdomen.  He is inclined to be hypochondriacal and dull-witted.  Weight at present 157 pounds.   

* Pyorrhea alveolaris is chronic periodontitis and inflammation of the tooth sockets.

Undated and partially torn sheet with narrative:

(illegible) with a history of 6 months (illeg) immediately after meals, pain, (illeg).  Defective teeth (which have since been extracted).  (illeg) paratyphoid A. (illeg)

[Their list of his test results]
13 December 1915          Paratyphoid A.
30 December 1915          B. coli 
1 February 1916              B. coli
12 February 1916            Paratyphoid A.
29 February 1916            Paratyphoid A.
10 March 1916                B. coli and B. Protein(?)

24 February 1916  -    Sharp relapse accompanied by right side pleurisy.

24 March 1916   -      N.C.O. has probably been a carrier of Paratyphoid A. for some time.  He was subject to attacks of severe indigestion.  Attention to his teeth and the regime of  typhoid diet has relieve him.  He may suffer from further relapses but if his present condition continues he should be fit for service as long as the stools are  (illeg)


4 April 1916   -    Admmitted to the Addington Park War Hospital with Paratyphoid A.  Stayed  28 days.

27 March 1916    -   Discharged from Hospital.  "Disease charged to Paratyphoid A.  Now convalescent, to be transferred to Depot for Enteric Convalescents"

2 May 1916   -  Granted a furlough through 12 June 1916.  My father was nearly one year old.

26 March 1917 -    Placed on the Syphilis Registry (The Venereal Diseases Act was passed in 1917.)  He was hospitalized from that date until 10 April 1917.  

7 July 1917  -Posted to the Labour Corps "Discharged surplus for military requirments having  suffered impairment while in military service.   It is also noted that he received the Kings Certificate and Silver Badge. This certificate accompanied the Silver War Badge, a small silver badge the size of a   quarter that was issued to service men who had been discharged as a result of  their service.  It was designed to be worn with civilian clothes so as to show a   man had done his bit.

30 August 1917 -   RLS in the Agricultural Company, Labour Corps.  "Could you please furnish me with a copy of A.F. B103 for this N.C.O.  He is wearing medals and decorations to which he does not appear to be entitled".

28 March 1918 - RLS admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of pleurisy.  He stayed in hospital for 56 days, released on 22 May 1918.  

22 May 1918 - "Fit to rejoin unit.  Recovered, no disability".  

25 July 1919 - Given his Protection Certificate and Certificate of Identity

9 September 1919              Given a 15 pound bounty.

July 1920                             Sailed from Southhampton England to New York

To be continued.